When a Minor Nation has been attacked by a Great Power its leaders often seek a friendly Great Power to declare war on their enemy and protect their nation. This action by a Great Power is called intervention.
You receive offers to intervene only if you are the Great Power with the best relationship to the attacked Minor Nation and only from a Minor Nation in which you have an embassy.
If you accept the offer to intervene, you pay all normal penalties for declaring war on the Great Power. However, the benefits of intervention are significant. You immediately acquire the Minor Nation as a colony. You gain control over all their armed forces and can deploy more regiments to defend their provinces.